Regulatory and Pharmacological Basis of Ayurvedic Formulations by Singh Amritpal;

Author:Singh, Amritpal;
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: CRC Press LLC
Published: 2017-09-07T16:00:00+00:00

All the formulations were analyzed for various qualitative and quantitative parameters according to WHO guidelines and the results were compared with the marketed formulation. With the change in method of preparation, considerable variations were observed in the parameters and the results of ME were found to be most significant (Kadam et al. 2012).

Naga Bhasma (Incinerated Lead or Lead Calyx)

Elemental composition: Depending on the preparation, the lead content varies from 14.5% to 68.14%. The lead content of sastiputa naga bhasma reported by Nagaraj was 64.24% (Nagarsi 1992) whereas in their sample of the drug, Keen et al. reported a lead content of 19%.

Physico-chemical characteristics: Thermogravimetry analysis showed that naga bhasma sample was thermally stable until 900°C, indicating the absence of free organic molecules. The FTIR spectra revealed that all the samples contained organic moieties probably in the form of a complex. Particle size and surface area analysis of the naga bhasma samples indicated the presence of micron-sized particles. Elemental analysis indicated the presence of arsenic impurity in the samples. Electron microscopy studies revealed that bhasma contained particles in micron & sub-micron ranges. Energy dispersive X-ray Analysis too showed the presence of arsenic along with Lead. XRD showed the lead oxide phase in all three samples (Nagarajan et al. 2012).

Characterisation of Naga Bhasma: Purification process removes heavy metals other than lead, apart from making it soft and amenable for trituration. The use of powders of tamarind bark and peepal bark maintains the oxidation state of lead in Jarita Naga (lead oxide) as Pb(2+). The repeated calcination steps result in the formation of nano-crystalline lead sulphide, the main chemical species present in Naga bhasma (Nagarajan et al. 2014).

Standardisation: Results of the present study on infrared, Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy along with thermal measurements identify the presence of carbonaceous material in the drug along with other compounds. In addition, this work also suggests the science and mechanism behind such complex preparations which could help in standardization of such medicines (Singh and Rai 2012).

The present study was planned to standardize Naga bhasma prepared by using Vasa as herbal media. Prepared Naga bhasma was subjected to tests mentioned in Ayurvedic texts and physico-chemical analysis such as pH Value, Total Ash, Loss on drying and acid insoluble ash. Twenty eight days are required to prepare Naga bhasma with 3.76% weight loss (Rajput et al. 2013).

Preclinical pharmacology

Testicular Regenerative Potential: It was observed that the test drug when given simultaneously with Cdcl2 showed marked prevention of toxic effects of Cdcl2 and when given alone after 36 hours of Cdcl2 administration, showed a notable regenerative potential on partially degenerated testes. It has showed specific regenerative effect on germinal epithelium of testes (Singh et al. 1989).

Diabetes mellitus: There are 44 formulations of Naga bhasma mainly indicated for polyuria. Haridra (Curcuma longa Linn.), Amalaki (Emblica officinalis), Guduci (Tinospora cordifolia) and Madhu (honey) enhance the antidiabetic action of Naga bhasma and also help to prevent diabetic complications as well as any untoward effects of Naga bhasma (Rajput et al. 2013).

Toxicity: Naga bhasma

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